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Humberto Maturana

Heinz von Foerster

Warren McCulloch

11 terms in 25 texts

cybernetician Humberto Maturana
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cybernetician Gordon Pask
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Gordon Pask with his wife Elizabeth in his study around 1990
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Gordon Pask at his desk in his London study (1990)
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Gordon Pask developed a framework in his conversation theory that can be understood as 'an architecture for conversations'
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Gordon Pask created a series of machines that he used to develop models of agreement, leading to his conversation theory
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An early machine by Pask was Eucrates (c. 1956), an embodiment of a conversation between machines, where a set of relationships was conveyed from the teacher to the pupil
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In a relationship with a cybernetic machine called Musicolour (c. 1956 by Gordon Pask), the musician on right plays a keyboard, whose music is fed into a comparator that contrasts it to a goal-state and a history ('memory') The Response Generator controls a bank of lights that are viewed by the musician, closing the loop
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The first embodiment of THOUGHTSTICKER (c. 1976) used a knowledge structure (left) to mediate a conversation with a student. As a result of the student's interactions, new perspectives in the knowledge were displayed on the dynamic graphics tubes on the right
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Based in Richmond, England, Gordon Pask had world-wide influence, in academic settings, research labs, and commercial companies, large and small
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Individual is a concept invented by Gordon Pask that refers to a perspective or point-of-view that may be embodied in a single person, or a group of people who hold similar beliefs. 'P' comes from 'psychological'. Many P-Individuals are present in any one person, as they were most certainly in Gordon Pask himself.
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cybernetician Warren McCulloch
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cybernetician Heinz von Forester
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cybernetician Jerome Y Lettvin
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Here is Heinz von Foerster sitting before a bookshelf in his home on Rattlesnake Hill in Pescadero, California.
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Heinz von Foerster maintains a clarity of ideas that causes his wife, Mai, to say, 'Heinz has a mind like a crystal.' When shown a manuscript that used the term 'looping-through', Heinz von Foerster replied with a postcard that appeared as above. Drawn are 3 transforms of which the bottom, labelled 'AUTOTOPIC', is what is intended by 'looping-through'
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Humberto Maturana

Warren McCulloch

Heinz von Foerster

Heinz von Foerster

Heinz von Foerster